A rooftop is part of any building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of your building or shelter which provides protection from animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The word denotes the framing or composition which helps that covering also.[1]The characteristics of the roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building so it covers, the available roof covering materials and the neighborhood traditions of structure and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of your garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof covering may also provide additional liveable space, for example a roof garden.The elements in the design of a roof structure are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and hardwood shingles and shakes.
The construction of an roof is determined by its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof is pitched. The pitch is the perspective of which the roof increases from its lowest to highest point. Most US domestic structures, except in very dried up areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern development elements such as drainpipes may remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of appearance and custom. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become waterproof and durable. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In regions where there is little rainfall, an almost level roof with a slight run-off provides sufficient protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes remove the dependence on a sloping roof structure also.
Somebody who specializes in roof construction is named a roofer.The durability of your roofing is a subject of concern because the roof top is often the least accessible part of any building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or devastation can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a roof is to protect people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of your roof structure are a concern in its composition and the choice of roofing materials.Some roofer materials, specifically those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that do not, extra insulation is installed under the external layer often. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against warmth and cold, sound, dirt and often from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed giving a space between the tiles and the roof covering surface, it can reduce heating up caused by the sun.Types of insulation are plastic or thought sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed below the tiles or other material directly; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become popular more and more, and in some cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roof covering can have problems with problems including the formation of ice dams round the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing water from melted snow on upper elements of the roof covering to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams occur when high temperature escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those true tips melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the lower points. This may cause structural harm from stress, including the devastation of drainage and gutter systems.
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