A roof covering is part of any building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of your building or shelter which provides protection from pets or animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of a roof are reliant upon the goal of the building so it protects, the available roofing materials and the neighborhood traditions of construction and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects mostly against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roofing might provide additional liveable space, for example a rooftop garden.The elements in the design of a roof are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many parts of the globe ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and timber shingles and shakes.
The construction of an roof depends upon its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and set up roof is pitched. The pitch is the viewpoint of which the roof goes up from its lowest to highest point. Most US home architecture, except in very dried out parts, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern engineering elements such as drainpipes might take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of tradition and aesthetics. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and partially regarding practicalities.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In parts where there is little rainwater, an almost flat roof with hook run-off provides enough protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes take away the dependence on a sloping roofing also.
Somebody who specializes in roofing construction is called a roofer.The durability of any roof covering is a matter of concern because the roof covering is usually the least accessible part of your building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or destruction can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a rooftop is to protect people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of the roofing are a consideration in its composition and the choice of roofing material.Some roof materials, those of natural fibrous material especially, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is installed under the outside covering often. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against heat and cold, sound, dirt and often from the droppings and lice of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed departing a space between the tiles and the rooftop surface, it can reduce heat caused by the sun.Types of insulation are clear plastic or sensed sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed straight below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become popular progressively, and sometimes are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roof covering can suffer from problems like the formation of snow dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing water from melted snow on upper elements of the roof to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams arise when heat escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those items melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This may result in structural damage from stress, like the destruction of gutter and drainage systems.
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