A roof covering is part of a building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which gives protection from pets or animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of the roof are centered upon the goal of the building so it covers, the available roof covering materials and the neighborhood traditions of structure and wider principles of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof structure might provide additional liveable space, for example a roofing garden.The elements in the design of a roof structure are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated wine glass, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and timber shingles and shakes.
The construction of an roof is determined by its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and set up roof structure is pitched. The pitch is the angle at which the roof rises from its lowest to highest point. Most US home architecture, except in very dry parts, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern engineering elements such as drainpipes may take away the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of looks and tradition. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roof, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In locations where there is little rain, an almost smooth roof with hook run-off provides satisfactory protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes take away the need for a sloping roof structure also.
A person that specializes in roof covering construction is named a roofer.The durability of an roof covering is a matter of concern because the roof covering is often the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its harm or devastation can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a roof covering is to safeguard people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of the roof top are a account in its structure and the choice of roofing material.Some roofing materials, especially those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the exterior level. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a roof is to insulate against temperature and cold, noises, dirt and frequently from the droppings and lice of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed going out of a space between your tiles and the rooftop surface, it can reduce heating caused by the sun.Types of insulation are plastic material or experienced sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed directly below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become significantly popular, and sometimes are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roofing can have problems with problems like the formation of ice dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing drinking water from melted snow on higher parts of the roof to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams arise when warmth escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those factors melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This can lead to structural destruction from stress, like the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.
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