A roof top is part of an building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which provides protection from pets or animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The word denotes the framing or structure which facilitates that covering also.[1]The characteristics of a roof are based mostly upon the goal of the building so it addresses, the available roof covering materials and the neighborhood traditions of engineering and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects generally against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof covering may provide additional living space, for example a roofing garden.The elements in the design of a roofing are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated wine glass, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofer materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of the roof depends upon its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof covering is pitched. The pitch is the position of which the roof goes up from its least expensive to highest point. Most US local architecture, except in very dried out areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes might remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of aesthetics and tradition. So the pitch is dependent upon stylistic factors partly, and partially regarding practicalities.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In areas where there is little rain, an almost chiseled roof with a slight run-off provides adequate protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes take away the need for a sloping roof covering also.
A person that specializes in roofing construction is called a roofer.The durability of an roofing is a subject of concern because the rooftop is usually the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its devastation or harm can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a roof covering is to protect people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of your roofing are a factor in its structure and the choice of roofing materials.Some roofing materials, especially those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the outside covering. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against temperature and cold, sound, dirt and grime and frequently from the lice and droppings of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed departing a space between the tiles and the roof surface, it can reduce home heating caused by the sun.Types of insulation are plastic or felt sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed straight below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become increasingly popular, and in some cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roofer can have problems with problems including the formation of glaciers dams round the overhanging eaves in winter, causing normal water from melted snow on upper elements of the roof to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams happen when warmth escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true details melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This may cause structural destruction from stress, like the damage of drainage and gutter systems.
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