A roof structure is part of a building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which gives protection from family pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of an roof are reliant upon the purpose of the building which it includes, the available roofer materials and the local traditions of development and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah might be roofed with materials that protects against sun light but admits the other elements. The roof of an garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA rooftop may provide additional liveable space, for example a roof structure garden.The elements in the design of a roofing are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of your roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roofer), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In lots of parts of the entire world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing materials for years and years, if not millennia. Other roof materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and timber shakes and shingles.
The construction of the roof depends upon its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof is pitched. The pitch is the perspective at which the roof increases from its least expensive to highest point. Most US domestic structures, except in very dried out regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern construction elements such as drainpipes might take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and looks. So the pitch is dependent after stylistic factors partly, and to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In parts where there is little rainfall, an almost smooth roof with hook run-off provides satisfactory protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes remove the dependence on a sloping roof also.
Somebody who specializes in rooftop construction is named a roofer.The durability of a roof covering is a subject of concern because the roof top is often the least accessible part of the building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or destruction can have serious effects.
Because the purpose of a roof is to protect people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of the roof covering are a concern in its composition and the choice of roofing materials.Some roofing materials, those of natural fibrous material especially, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is installed under the exterior level often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a roof is to insulate against high temperature and cold, noises, mud and frequently from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed giving a space between the tiles and the roof structure surface, it can reduce home heating caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are felt or clear plastic sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed below the tiles or other materials directly; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become progressively more popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roofing can have problems with problems including the formation of glaciers dams about the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing water from melted snow on top parts of the rooftop to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams take place when heating escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those points melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This can result in structural destruction from stress, including the damage of gutter and drainage systems.
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