A roof structure is part of an building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which provides protection from pets or animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The term denotes the framing or framework which supports that covering also.[1]The characteristics of the roof are centered upon the goal of the building that this includes, the available roofing materials and the neighborhood traditions of building and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof covering could also provide additional living space, for example a roof garden.The elements in the design of a roof top are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of your roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the globe ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and real wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of any roof depends upon its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and set up roof top is pitched. The pitch is the viewpoint of which the roof rises from its most affordable to highest point. Most US home architecture, except in very dry regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern building elements such as drainpipes may take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of tradition and looks. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In locations where there is little rainwater, an almost chiseled roof with hook run-off provides adequate protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes remove the dependence on a sloping rooftop also.
Somebody who specializes in roof top construction is called a roofer.The durability of your roofing is a subject of concern because the roof covering is often the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or destruction can have serious results.
Because the reason for a roof covering is to safeguard people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a roof structure are a thought in its composition and the decision of roofing material.Some roofer materials, specifically those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is installed under the external level often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against heating and cold, noise, dirt and grime and often from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed leaving a space between your tiles and the roof structure surface, it can reduce heating up caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are clear plastic or sensed sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed directly below the tiles or other materials; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming progressively more popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roof covering can have problems with problems including the formation of ice dams throughout the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing water from melted snow on upper parts of the roof structure to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams take place when temperature escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those points melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This may lead to structural destruction from stress, like the destruction of gutter and drainage systems.
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