A roof covering is part of your building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which gives protection from animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of the roof are centered upon the purpose of the building which it addresses, the available roof covering materials and the local traditions of structure and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof top may also provide additional living space, for example a roof structure garden.The elements in the design of a roofing are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of the roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated wine glass, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In lots of parts of the globe ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and solid wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of an roof is determined by its approach to support and the way the underneath space is bridged and set up roof covering is pitched. The pitch is the angle of which the roof increases from its minimum to highest point. Most US domestic structures, except in very dry parts, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern building elements such as drainpipes may take away the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of aesthetics and traditions. So the pitch is dependent after stylistic factors partly, and to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In areas where there is little rainwater, an almost toned roof with a slight run-off provides enough protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes remove the need for a sloping roof structure also.
A person that specializes in roof construction is called a roofer.The durability of a rooftop is a subject of matter because the roof top is often the least accessible part of the building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or damage can have serious results.
Because the reason for a roof structure is to protect people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of the rooftop are a consideration in its composition and the decision of roofing material.Some roof materials, those of natural fibrous material especially, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is installed under the external coating often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a roof is to insulate against temperature and cold, noises, dirt and often from the droppings and lice of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed leaving a space between your tiles and the rooftop surface, it can reduce heating up caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are felt or cheap sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed directly below the tiles or other materials; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming progressively more popular, and sometimes are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roofing can have problems with problems including the formation of ice dams about the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing normal water from melted snow on top elements of the roof top to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams arise when warmth escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those tips melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This may result in structural harm from stress, including the damage of gutter and drainage systems.
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