A roof structure is part of the building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which gives protection from animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of any roof are centered upon the purpose of the building that this protects, the available roof materials and the local traditions of construction and wider principles of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects mostly against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of the garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof could also provide additional living space, for example a rooftop garden.The elements in the look of a roof structure are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roofer), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing materials for years and years, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and hardwood shingles and shakes.
The construction of the roof is determined by its approach to support and the way the underneath space is bridged and set up rooftop is pitched. The pitch is the perspective of which the roof goes up from its minimum to highest point. Most US home architecture, except in very dry areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern development elements such as drainpipes may remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of appearance and tradition. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, and to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In locations where there is little rain, an almost flat roof with a slight run-off provides adequate protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes also remove the dependence on a sloping roofing.
A person that specializes in roof top construction is called a roofer.The durability of any rooftop is a subject of concern because the roof is usually the least accessible part of the building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its devastation or harm can have serious effects.
Because the purpose of a roof is to safeguard people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a rooftop are a awareness in its structure and the choice of roofing material.Some roof covering materials, especially those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is installed under the outer layer often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against heating and cold, sound, mud and frequently from the droppings and lice of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed leaving a space between your tiles and the roof structure surface, it can reduce heating system caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are sensed or plastic material sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed below the tiles or other material immediately; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become popular more and more, and sometimes are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roofer can have problems with problems including the formation of snow dams across the overhanging eaves in winter, causing water from melted snow on higher parts of the roof structure to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams arise when high temperature escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those factors melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This can bring about structural damage from stress, including the destruction of gutter and drainage systems.
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