A roof structure is part of the building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which gives protection from animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of an roof are centered upon the goal of the building so it includes, the available roofer materials and the local traditions of engineering and wider principles of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah might be roofed with material that protects against sun rays but admits the other elements. The roof of the garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roofing could also provide additional liveable space, for example a rooftop garden.The elements in the look of a roof top are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many parts of the world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofer materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and lumber shakes and shingles.
The construction of the roof is determined by its approach to support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roofing is pitched. The pitch is the viewpoint of which the roof rises from its lowest to highest point. Most US domestic architecture, except in very dry areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern building elements such as drainpipes might remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and looks. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, also to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become waterproof and durable. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In regions where there is little rainfall, an almost level roof with a slight run-off provides enough protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also remove the need for a sloping roof.
A person that specializes in roof structure construction is named a roofer.The durability of any roof structure is a matter of concern because the roof is often the least accessible part of any building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its harm or damage can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a roof structure is to safeguard people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of the roof top are a factor in its structure and the decision of roofing materials.Some roof materials, those of natural fibrous materials specifically, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is installed under the external coating often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against high temperature and cold, sound, dirt and grime and often from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed leaving a space between the tiles and the roof structure surface, it can reduce heating system caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are vinyl or noticed sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed directly below the tiles or other materials; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become popular progressively more, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roof can suffer from problems like the formation of glaciers dams across the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing water from melted snow on top elements of the roof structure to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams arise when high temperature escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those true factors melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This can cause structural damage from stress, like the devastation of drainage and gutter systems.
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