A roofing is part of an building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which gives protection from pets and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The term denotes the framing or composition which supports that covering also.[1]The characteristics of the roof are reliant upon the purpose of the building that this protects, the available roof materials and the local traditions of engineering and wider principles of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof top may provide additional living space, for example a roof top garden.The elements in the look of a roof top are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of the roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated wine glass, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofer material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and real wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of the roof depends upon its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof is pitched. The pitch is the position at which the roof increases from its most affordable to highest point. Most US domestic structures, except in very dried up locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern construction elements such as drainpipes may remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and aesthetics. So the pitch is dependent after stylistic factors partly, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roof, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In areas where there is little rainwater, an almost chiseled roof with hook run-off provides adequate protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes also remove the need for a sloping roofing.
A person that specializes in roof top construction is named a roofer.The durability of any roof top is a matter of concern because the roof structure is often the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or devastation can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a rooftop is to safeguard people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of the roofing are a factor in its composition and the decision of roofing material.Some roofer materials, specifically those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the outer level. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against warmth and cold, noises, mud and often from the droppings and lice of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed leaving a space between your tiles and the roofing surface, it can reduce warming caused by sunlight.Forms of insulation are felt or plastic material sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other materials immediately; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become popular significantly, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roof covering can suffer from problems like the formation of glaciers dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing water from melted snow on upper parts of the roof to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams happen when high temperature escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those tips melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This can bring about structural destruction from stress, including the destruction of gutter and drainage systems.
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