A roof is part of an building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of your building or shelter which gives protection from animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of any roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building which it addresses, the available roofer materials and the neighborhood traditions of engineering and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof covering may also provide additional liveable space, for example a rooftop garden.The elements in the design of a roof covering are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of the roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated cup, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many parts of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and real wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of any roof depends upon its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and set up roof is pitched. The pitch is the perspective of which the roof rises from its lowest to highest point. Most US local architecture, except in very dried out locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern building elements such as drainpipes might remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of custom and looks. So the pitch is dependent after stylistic factors partly, and to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become waterproof and durable. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In locations where there is little rainwater, an almost toned roof with a slight run-off provides sufficient protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also remove the need for a sloping roof covering.
A person that specializes in rooftop construction is called a roofer.The durability of a roof top is a matter of matter because the roof structure is often the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its harm or destruction can have serious results.
Because the reason for a roofing is to safeguard people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of your roofing are a awareness in its composition and the choice of roofing materials.Some roof covering materials, especially those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is installed under the outside layer often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against heat and cold, sound, dirt and often from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed giving a space between the tiles and the rooftop surface, it can reduce home heating caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are plastic material or experienced sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed straight below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become increasingly popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roofing can have problems with problems such as the formation of ice dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in winter, causing normal water from melted snow on higher parts of the roof to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams arise when heating escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those items melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This may result in structural harm from stress, like the damage of drainage and gutter systems.
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