A roof structure is part of a building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which provides protection from pets and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of a roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building that this protects, the available roof covering materials and the local traditions of structure and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects mainly against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of an garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roofing could also provide additional living space, for example a roof structure garden.The elements in the design of a roofing are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In lots of parts of the entire world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing material for years and years, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and real wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of any roof depends upon its approach to support and the way the underneath space is bridged and set up roof covering is pitched. The pitch is the angle of which the roof goes up from its most affordable to highest point. Most US domestic architecture, except in very dried out locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern building elements such as drainpipes might take away the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of aesthetics and tradition. So the pitch is dependent upon stylistic factors partly, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In parts where there is little rainfall, an almost level roof with hook run-off provides satisfactory protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes remove the dependence on a sloping roof structure also.
Somebody who specializes in roof top construction is called a roofer.The durability of your roofing is a subject of concern because the roof top is often the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or destruction can have serious results.
Because the reason for a roof structure is to protect people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a roof top are a consideration in its framework and the decision of roofing materials.Some roofer materials, those of natural fibrous materials especially, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the outside level. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a roof is to insulate against high temperature and cold, sound, dirt and grime and frequently from the droppings and lice of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed giving a space between the tiles and the roof structure surface, it can reduce warming caused by the sun.Types of insulation are clear plastic or experienced sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other materials directly; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming popular increasingly, and sometimes are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roofing can suffer from problems like the formation of glaciers dams around the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing water from melted snow on upper parts of the roof top to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams occur when high temperature escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true tips melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This may lead to structural destruction from stress, including the devastation of drainage and gutter systems.
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