A roof top is part of your building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which provides protection from pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The term denotes the framing or composition which facilitates that covering also.[1]The characteristics of your roof are centered upon the purpose of the building it covers, the available roofer materials and the neighborhood traditions of construction and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of an garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof structure may provide additional liveable space, for example a roof structure garden.The elements in the design of a roofing are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of your roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the planet ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and timber shingles and shakes.
The construction of any roof depends upon its approach to support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof is pitched. The pitch is the angle of which the roof goes up from its minimum to highest point. Most US home architecture, except in very dried up regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern building elements such as drainpipes might take away the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and appearance. So the pitch is dependent after stylistic factors partly, also to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In parts where there is little rainfall, an almost toned roof with a slight run-off provides enough protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes remove the dependence on a sloping roof covering also.
A person that specializes in roof construction is named a roofer.The durability of the roof covering is a subject of concern because the roof structure is often the least accessible part of any building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its devastation or destruction can have serious effects.
Because the purpose of a roofing is to protect people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of the rooftop are a concern in its framework and the decision of roofing materials.Some roofing materials, those of natural fibrous material specifically, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the outside part. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against high temperature and cold, noise, dirt and often from the droppings and lice of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed leaving a space between the tiles and the rooftop surface, it can reduce heating up caused by the sun.Types of insulation are believed or plastic sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other materials straight; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become popular progressively, and in some instances are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roof covering can suffer from problems like the formation of snow dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing normal water from melted snow on upper parts of the roofing to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams arise when high temperature escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those points melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This may cause structural damage from stress, including the devastation of drainage and gutter systems.
Figure 635.Framing of gable dormer with sidewalls.
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With a simple drawing showing a jack rafter layout board it would have
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