A roof covering is part of a building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which gives protection from family pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The word denotes the framing or structure which facilitates that covering also.[1]The characteristics of any roof are centered upon the purpose of the building that this includes, the available roofer materials and the local traditions of construction and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of the garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof structure might provide additional living space, for example a roofing garden.The elements in the look of a roof structure are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated cup, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In lots of parts of the planet ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering material for years and years, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and lumber shingles and shakes.
The construction of the roof depends upon its approach to support and the way the underneath space is bridged and set up roof covering is pitched. The pitch is the position of which the roof increases from its minimum to highest point. Most US domestic architecture, except in very dry regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern construction elements such as drainpipes may take away the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and aesthetics. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In areas where there is little rainwater, an almost flat roof with a slight run-off provides sufficient protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes take away the dependence on a sloping roof also.
Somebody who specializes in roof covering construction is called a roofer.The durability of the roof covering is a matter of matter because the roof structure is usually the least accessible part of the building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or damage can have serious effects.
Because the purpose of a roof structure is to protect people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a roof are a awareness in its structure and the decision of roofing material.Some roofer materials, those of natural fibrous materials specifically, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is installed under the outer part often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against temperature and cold, sound, dirt and grime and often from the droppings and lice of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed leaving a space between the tiles and the roof surface, it can reduce home heating caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are thought or clear plastic sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed below the tiles or other materials immediately; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become more and more popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roof can suffer from problems like the formation of glaciers dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing normal water from melted snow on upper elements of the roofing to permeate the roofing material. Ice dams happen when warmth escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true points melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This may bring about structural harm from stress, including the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.
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