A roofing is part of an building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of an building or shelter which provides protection from pets or animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of a roof are reliant upon the purpose of the building which it protects, the available roof covering materials and the local traditions of structure and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof structure could also provide additional living space, for example a roof covering garden.The elements in the look of a rooftop are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated cup, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof material for years and years, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and timber shakes and shingles.
The construction of a roof is determined by its approach to support and the way the underneath space is bridged and set up roofing is pitched. The pitch is the position of which the roof goes up from its lowest to highest point. Most US domestic architecture, except in very dried locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern construction elements such as drainpipes may remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of looks and traditions. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In regions where there is little rain, an almost even roof with a slight run-off provides adequate protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes take away the dependence on a sloping roof also.
A person that specializes in roof construction is named a roofer.The durability of a roof structure is a matter of concern because the roof top is usually the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or devastation can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a roof covering is to safeguard people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of the roof are a awareness in its structure and the choice of roofing materials.Some roof materials, those of natural fibrous material specifically, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is installed under the external layer often. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against warmth and cold, noises, mud and often from the droppings and lice of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed departing a space between the tiles and the rooftop surface, it can reduce heating system caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are vinyl or thought sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed immediately below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming popular more and more, and sometimes are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roof can suffer from problems like the formation of snow dams round the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing drinking water from melted snow on top parts of the rooftop to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams occur when heat escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true tips melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This can bring about structural damage from stress, like the damage of gutter and drainage systems.
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