A roof is part of a building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which gives protection from pets or animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The term denotes the framing or composition which supports that covering also.[1]The characteristics of any roof are dependent upon the goal of the building which it protects, the available roof materials and the neighborhood traditions of structure and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof covering could also provide additional living space, for example a roof top garden.The elements in the design of a roof top are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated cup, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing materials for years and years, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of the roof depends upon its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and set up roof is pitched. The pitch is the position at which the roof rises from its lowest to highest point. Most US domestic structures, except in very dried locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes might remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of appearance and traditions. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, also to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roof, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In areas where there is little rain, an almost level roof with a slight run-off provides enough protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes remove the need for a sloping roof structure also.
Somebody who specializes in rooftop construction is called a roofer.The durability of an rooftop is a matter of concern because the roof covering is often the least accessible part of the building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its devastation or harm can have serious results.
Because the reason for a roof is to protect people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of your roof are a thought in its framework and the choice of roofing material.Some roof materials, those of natural fibrous materials specifically, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the outside covering. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against warmth and cold, noises, dirt and grime and often from the lice and droppings of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed giving a space between your tiles and the roof covering surface, it can reduce warming caused by sunlight.Forms of insulation are experienced or plastic sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other materials straight; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become popular increasingly, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roofing can have problems with problems like the formation of glaciers dams about the overhanging eaves in winter, causing water from melted snow on higher parts of the roof to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams happen when temperature escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those details melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This can bring about structural damage from stress, including the destruction of gutter and drainage systems.
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