A roof top is part of any building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which gives protection from pets or animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of the roof are dependent upon the goal of the building that it includes, the available roofing materials and the local traditions of development and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects mainly against rain. A verandah might be roofed with materials that protects against natural light but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof covering could also provide additional liveable space, for example a roofing garden.The elements in the design of a rooftop are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of your roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated wine glass, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and lumber shingles and shakes.
The construction of any roof depends upon its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roofing is pitched. The pitch is the position of which the roof increases from its lowest to highest point. Most US domestic structures, except in very dried up regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern engineering elements such as drainpipes may remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of custom and looks. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In areas where there is little rainwater, an almost level roof with a slight run-off provides enough protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes remove the dependence on a sloping roof also.
Somebody who specializes in roofing construction is named a roofer.The durability of an rooftop is a matter of concern because the roof structure is often the least accessible part of any building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its devastation or damage can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a rooftop is to protect people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any roof covering are a consideration in its framework and the decision of roofing material.Some roof materials, particularly those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is installed under the outer covering often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a roof is to insulate against heat and cold, sound, mud and frequently from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed giving a space between your tiles and the roof top surface, it can reduce heating caused by the sun.Types of insulation are vinyl or felt sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed straight below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming ever more popular, and sometimes are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roof covering can suffer from problems like the formation of ice dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in winter, causing drinking water from melted snow on top elements of the rooftop to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams happen when heating escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true points melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This may cause structural damage from stress, including the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.
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