A roof covering is part of an building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which gives protection from pets or animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The word denotes the framing or structure which facilitates that covering also.[1]The characteristics of a roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building that this covers, the available roof materials and the neighborhood traditions of engineering and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah might be roofed with materials that protects against natural light but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof may also provide additional living space, for example a rooftop garden.The elements in the design of a roofing are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of your roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated wine glass, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering materials for years and years, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and lumber shingles and shakes.
The construction of the roof is determined by its approach to support and the way the underneath space is bridged and set up roof structure is pitched. The pitch is the position at which the roof increases from its lowest to highest point. Most US domestic structures, except in very dry regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern engineering elements such as drainpipes might take away the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and aesthetics. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In areas where there is little rainfall, an almost smooth roof with a slight run-off provides adequate protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes also remove the dependence on a sloping roof covering.
A person that specializes in roof covering construction is named a roofer.The durability of a roofing is a matter of concern because the roofing is often the least accessible part of any building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its harm or damage can have serious effects.
Because the purpose of a roof top is to safeguard people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any roof structure are a factor in its structure and the choice of roofing materials.Some roof covering materials, those of natural fibrous material particularly, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the external layer. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against high temperature and cold, noises, mud and frequently from the droppings and lice of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed leaving a space between the tiles and the roof surface, it can reduce home heating caused by sunlight.Forms of insulation are believed or plastic sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other materials directly; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become significantly popular, and sometimes are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roofer can have problems with problems like the formation of glaciers dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in winter, causing normal water from melted snow on upper elements of the roof to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams take place when warmth escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true points melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This may bring about structural damage from stress, including the devastation of drainage and gutter systems.
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