A roofing is part of any building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of an building or shelter which provides protection from pets and weather, rain or snow notably, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of an roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building that it addresses, the available roof covering materials and the local traditions of engineering and wider principles of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of the garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA rooftop may provide additional living space, for example a roof garden.The elements in the look of a roof covering are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of an roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated wine glass, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the planet ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and solid wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of your roof is determined by its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and set up roof top is pitched. The pitch is the position at which the roof increases from its minimum to highest point. Most US home structures, except in very dry out regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern engineering elements such as drainpipes might take away the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of custom and appearance. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, and partially regarding practicalities.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In locations where there is little rainwater, an almost even roof with hook run-off provides adequate protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes remove the dependence on a sloping roof also.
A person that specializes in roof structure construction is named a roofer.The durability of a roofing is a subject of matter because the roof covering is usually the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its harm or destruction can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a rooftop is to protect people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a roof top are a concern in its composition and the decision of roofing material.Some roofing materials, specifically those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is installed under the external layer often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against warmth and cold, noise, dirt and often from the droppings and lice of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed departing a space between the tiles and the roofing surface, it can reduce heat caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are believed or cheap sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed immediately below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming popular more and more, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roofing can suffer from problems such as the formation of snow dams around the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing water from melted snow on higher parts of the rooftop to permeate the roofing material. Ice dams happen when high temperature escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true points melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This can result in structural destruction from stress, like the devastation of gutter and drainage systems.
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