A roof is part of an building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which provides protection from pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of any roof are centered upon the goal of the building that this covers, the available roof materials and the neighborhood traditions of building and wider principles of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects mainly against rain. A verandah might be roofed with material that helps to protect against sun rays but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof top may also provide additional liveable space, for example a roof top garden.The elements in the design of a roof are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of the roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated glass, copper (see: copper roofer), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the planet ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof materials for years and years, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and solid wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of an roof depends upon its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and set up roof top is pitched. The pitch is the angle at which the roof rises from its lowest to highest point. Most US home architecture, except in very dried locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes might remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and aesthetics. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In areas where there is little rain, an almost toned roof with hook run-off provides adequate protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes remove the need for a sloping roofing also.
A person that specializes in roof construction is named a roofer.The durability of your roof structure is a subject of concern because the roof is often the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its harm or damage can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a roof structure is to protect people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any roof covering are a account in its framework and the decision of roofing materials.Some roof materials, specifically those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the outside covering. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against warmth and cold, noise, dirt and often from the droppings and lice of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed going out of a space between the tiles and the roof top surface, it can reduce heating system caused by sunlight.Forms of insulation are noticed or clear plastic sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed straight below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming popular progressively more, and occasionally are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roofer can suffer from problems including the formation of ice dams round the overhanging eaves in winter, causing normal water from melted snow on higher elements of the rooftop to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams arise when heat escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those true things melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This can cause structural damage from stress, like the damage of drainage and gutter systems.
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