A rooftop is part of an building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which gives protection from animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of an roof are reliant upon the purpose of the building that it protects, the available roof materials and the neighborhood traditions of construction and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA rooftop may also provide additional liveable space, for example a roof covering garden.The elements in the look of a roof structure are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof materials for years and years, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and lumber shingles and shakes.
The construction of an roof is determined by its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the rooftop is pitched. The pitch is the position of which the roof rises from its least expensive to highest point. Most US domestic structures, except in very dried up locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern construction elements such as drainpipes may remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of tradition and aesthetics. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In parts where there is little rain, an almost flat roof with hook run-off provides adequate protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes remove the dependence on a sloping roof structure also.
Somebody who specializes in roof construction is called a roofer.The durability of the roofing is a subject of concern because the roof is usually the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or damage can have serious results.
Because the reason for a roof is to protect people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of an roof structure are a concern in its framework and the choice of roofing material.Some roofing materials, specifically those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is installed under the exterior layer often. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a roof is to insulate against high temperature and cold, noises, dirt and grime and often from the droppings and lice of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed going out of a space between the tiles and the roof top surface, it can reduce warming caused by sunlight.Forms of insulation are experienced or plastic material sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed straight below the tiles or other materials; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become ever more popular, and sometimes are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roof covering can have problems with problems like the formation of ice dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing normal water from melted snow on top parts of the roof covering to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams appear when heat escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those true points melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This may bring about structural destruction from stress, including the devastation of gutter and drainage systems.
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