A roof structure is part of the building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which provides protection from pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of the roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building that this covers, the available roof materials and the neighborhood traditions of structure and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of an garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof covering might provide additional living space, for example a roof covering garden.The elements in the design of a roofing are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated wine glass, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering materials for years and years, if not millennia. Other roof materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and solid wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of a roof is determined by its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and set up roof covering is pitched. The pitch is the angle of which the roof goes up from its minimum to highest point. Most US local architecture, except in very dried up parts, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern development elements such as drainpipes may take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of aesthetics and tradition. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In parts where there is little rain, an almost flat roof with hook run-off provides adequate protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also take away the dependence on a sloping roof top.
Somebody who specializes in roof top construction is named a roofer.The durability of any roof top is a matter of concern because the roof is often the least accessible part of any building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its harm or devastation can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a roofing is to safeguard people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of your rooftop are a thought in its structure and the decision of roofing materials.Some roofer materials, specifically those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the outside coating. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a roof is to insulate against temperature and cold, noises, dirt and often from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed leaving a space between your tiles and the roof top surface, it can reduce warming caused by sunlight.Forms of insulation are sensed or cheap sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other materials directly; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become popular progressively, and in some instances are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roof can suffer from problems including the formation of snow dams around the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing water from melted snow on higher elements of the roof to permeate the roofing material. Ice dams arise when high temperature escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those tips melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the lower points. This can result in structural harm from stress, including the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.
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