A roof is part of an building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which provides protection from animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The term denotes the framing or framework which helps that covering also.[1]The characteristics of a roof are reliant upon the goal of the building that it addresses, the available roof covering materials and the neighborhood traditions of construction and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects mainly against rain. A verandah might be roofed with material that shields against natural light but admits the other elements. The roof of the garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof top may also provide additional liveable space, for example a roof structure garden.The elements in the design of a roof structure are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of the roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated glass, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many parts of the world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofer material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of a roof is determined by its approach to support and the way the underneath space is bridged and set up roof structure is pitched. The pitch is the angle of which the roof goes up from its least expensive to highest point. Most US home architecture, except in very dried up locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern development elements such as drainpipes might take away the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of tradition and appearance. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, and to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In regions where there is little rain, an almost flat roof with hook run-off provides sufficient protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes also remove the dependence on a sloping roof covering.
A person that specializes in roofing construction is named a roofer.The durability of any roof structure is a matter of matter because the roof is often the least accessible part of any building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or devastation can have serious effects.
Because the purpose of a roof top is to safeguard people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any roofing are a factor in its composition and the choice of roofing material.Some roof covering materials, particularly those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is installed under the exterior coating often. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against heat and cold, noise, dirt and frequently from the lice and droppings of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed giving a space between the tiles and the roof top surface, it can reduce heating caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are noticed or cheap sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed immediately below the tiles or other materials; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming popular progressively, and occasionally are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roof covering can suffer from problems such as the formation of glaciers dams across the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing drinking water from melted snow on top elements of the rooftop to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams arise when heat escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those items melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This may cause structural destruction from stress, like the devastation of gutter and drainage systems.
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