A roof covering is part of the building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which gives protection from pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The word denotes the framing or composition which helps that covering also.[1]The characteristics of a roof are centered upon the goal of the building that this addresses, the available roofing materials and the local traditions of engineering and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects mostly against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of an garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roofing might provide additional liveable space, for example a roof covering garden.The elements in the design of a roof top are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of an roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roofer), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In lots of parts of the world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of any roof depends upon its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and set up roofing is pitched. The pitch is the viewpoint of which the roof goes up from its minimum to highest point. Most US home structures, except in very dried regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern construction elements such as drainpipes might take away the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and looks. So the pitch is dependent after stylistic factors partly, and to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In locations where there is little rainwater, an almost even roof with hook run-off provides adequate protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also remove the dependence on a sloping roof covering.
A person that specializes in roof construction is called a roofer.The durability of a rooftop is a matter of concern because the roof top is often the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its devastation or destruction can have serious results.
Because the reason for a roof structure is to safeguard people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a roof are a thought in its composition and the choice of roofing materials.Some roofer materials, those of natural fibrous materials particularly, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the outer layer. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against heating and cold, sound, dirt and often from the lice and droppings of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed leaving a space between the tiles and the rooftop surface, it can reduce heat caused by the sun.Types of insulation are plastic material or believed sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed below the tiles or other materials straight; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become increasingly popular, and in some cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roof can have problems with problems such as the formation of ice dams throughout the overhanging eaves in winter, causing drinking water from melted snow on higher parts of the roof top to permeate the roofing material. Ice dams arise when temperature escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those tips melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This can lead to structural destruction from stress, including the destruction of gutter and drainage systems.
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