A rooftop is part of a building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which gives protection from animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of a roof are centered upon the purpose of the building so it addresses, the available roof materials and the local traditions of structure and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects mostly against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roofing may also provide additional living space, for example a roofing garden.The elements in the design of a roof covering are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of the roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated cup, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In lots of elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and solid wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of an roof depends upon its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof structure is pitched. The pitch is the angle at which the roof goes up from its most affordable to highest point. Most US local architecture, except in very dry regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern construction elements such as drainpipes might take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of aesthetics and traditions. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, also to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In locations where there is little rain, an almost level roof with hook run-off provides adequate protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes also take away the need for a sloping roofing.
Somebody who specializes in roof top construction is named a roofer.The durability of an roofing is a subject of concern because the roof top is usually the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or damage can have serious effects.
Because the purpose of a roof top is to safeguard people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a roof structure are a awareness in its composition and the choice of roofing material.Some roof materials, those of natural fibrous material particularly, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is installed under the outer layer often. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against high temperature and cold, noises, dirt and grime and often from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed giving a space between your tiles and the roof structure surface, it can reduce heating up caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are thought or plastic material sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed straight below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become ever more popular, and in some instances are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roof covering can suffer from problems including the formation of ice dams around the overhanging eaves in winter, causing normal water from melted snow on top elements of the roof top to permeate the roofing material. Ice dams appear when warmth escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those true points melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the lower points. This may bring about structural destruction from stress, like the destruction of gutter and drainage systems.
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