A roof structure is part of a building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which gives protection from pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The word denotes the framing or framework which facilitates that covering also.[1]The characteristics of the roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building that this covers, the available roofing materials and the local traditions of engineering and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah might be roofed with materials that helps to protect against sun light but admits the other elements. The roof of the garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof structure could also provide additional liveable space, for example a rooftop garden.The elements in the design of a roofing are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated cup, copper (see: copper roofer), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In lots of parts of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing material for years and years, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and solid wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of your roof depends upon its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof covering is pitched. The pitch is the angle of which the roof rises from its least expensive to highest point. Most US local structures, except in very dried regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern construction elements such as drainpipes may remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of looks and traditions. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roof, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In parts where there is little rainfall, an almost flat roof with hook run-off provides enough protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also take away the need for a sloping rooftop.
A person that specializes in roof top construction is called a roofer.The durability of any roofing is a matter of concern because the roofing is usually the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or devastation can have serious results.
Because the reason for a rooftop is to protect people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of an roof are a awareness in its framework and the decision of roofing material.Some roof covering materials, those of natural fibrous material especially, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that do not, extra insulation is installed under the exterior layer often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against temperature and cold, noise, mud and often from the droppings and lice of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed departing a space between the tiles and the roofing surface, it can reduce home heating caused by sunlight.Forms of insulation are believed or clear plastic sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed below the tiles or other material straight; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become significantly popular, and occasionally are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roof covering can suffer from problems such as the formation of ice dams about the overhanging eaves in winter, causing drinking water from melted snow on higher elements of the roof top to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams happen when warmth escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those items melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This can cause structural damage from stress, including the destruction of gutter and drainage systems.
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