A roof structure is part of the building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which gives protection from family pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The word denotes the framing or framework which supports that covering also.[1]The characteristics of your roof are reliant upon the purpose of the building that it addresses, the available roofing materials and the local traditions of engineering and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof could also provide additional living space, for example a roof garden.The elements in the design of a roofing are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of an roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In lots of parts of the world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofer materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and lumber shakes and shingles.
The construction of any roof is determined by its approach to support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof covering is pitched. The pitch is the viewpoint of which the roof goes up from its most affordable to highest point. Most US domestic structures, except in very dried locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern construction elements such as drainpipes may remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of appearance and custom. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, also to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roof, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In locations where there is little rainwater, an almost level roof with a slight run-off provides enough protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes also take away the dependence on a sloping roof.
A person that specializes in roof structure construction is called a roofer.The durability of any roofing is a matter of matter because the roof structure is often the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or destruction can have serious results.
Because the reason for a roof covering is to safeguard people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a roofing are a thought in its composition and the choice of roofing materials.Some roof covering materials, those of natural fibrous materials especially, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the exterior part. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against temperature and cold, noise, dirt and grime and often from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed giving a space between your tiles and the roof structure surface, it can reduce heat caused by the sun.Types of insulation are felt or plastic sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed below the tiles or other materials immediately; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming ever more popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roof can suffer from problems such as the formation of ice dams about the overhanging eaves in winter, causing water from melted snow on higher parts of the roofing to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams take place when heat escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those items melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This may result in structural damage from stress, like the devastation of drainage and gutter systems.
Rafter layout
Rafter layout
Roof Framing Geometry: Rafter Tools+ for iPhone Hip Rafter Layout
roof shapes click on the roof shapes to display their trussed rafter
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