A roof is part of the building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which gives protection from animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of your roof are reliant upon the goal of the building which it covers, the available roofing materials and the neighborhood traditions of structure and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah might be roofed with materials that protects against natural light but admits the other elements. The roof of your garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roofing may provide additional liveable space, for example a roof covering garden.The elements in the design of a roof are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of the roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated wine glass, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of a roof is determined by its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roofing is pitched. The pitch is the angle of which the roof rises from its minimum to highest point. Most US local architecture, except in very dried up areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern development elements such as drainpipes might take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of looks and custom. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, also to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In parts where there is little rainwater, an almost toned roof with a slight run-off provides adequate protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes take away the need for a sloping roof also.
A person that specializes in roof top construction is called a roofer.The durability of any roofing is a subject of concern because the roofing is usually the least accessible part of your building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or damage can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a roof is to protect people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any roof top are a awareness in its framework and the decision of roofing materials.Some roof covering materials, specifically those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the external level. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against high temperature and cold, noise, dirt and frequently from the droppings and lice of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed going out of a space between the tiles and the roof covering surface, it can reduce home heating caused by the sun.Types of insulation are plastic or noticed sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other material directly; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become popular significantly, and occasionally are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roof can suffer from problems such as the formation of snow dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in winter, causing water from melted snow on higher elements of the roof structure to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams appear when heating escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those factors melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This may result in structural destruction from stress, including the destruction of gutter and drainage systems.
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