A roof is part of any building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of an building or shelter which gives protection from pets or animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of the roof are reliant upon the goal of the building which it includes, the available roofer materials and the neighborhood traditions of engineering and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roofing may provide additional living space, for example a roof top garden.The elements in the look of a roof top are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many parts of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and real wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of any roof is determined by its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and set up roof top is pitched. The pitch is the viewpoint at which the roof goes up from its most affordable to highest point. Most US domestic structures, except in very dry out parts, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern building elements such as drainpipes might remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of appearance and traditions. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become waterproof and durable. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In parts where there is little rainfall, an almost smooth roof with hook run-off provides satisfactory protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also remove the need for a sloping roof.
Somebody who specializes in roof top construction is named a roofer.The durability of the rooftop is a subject of concern because the roof covering is often the least accessible part of any building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its harm or destruction can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a roofing is to protect people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of an roof structure are a consideration in its composition and the decision of roofing materials.Some roof materials, those of natural fibrous material specifically, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the outer layer. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against heat and cold, noise, mud and often from the droppings and lice of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed leaving a space between your tiles and the roof top surface, it can reduce heating up caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are experienced or clear plastic sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed below the tiles or other material immediately; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming ever more popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roof can have problems with problems including the formation of glaciers dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in winter, causing drinking water from melted snow on higher parts of the roof structure to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams take place when temperature escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true factors melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This may bring about structural damage from stress, like the destruction of gutter and drainage systems.
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