A roof covering is part of your building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which provides protection from animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of the roof are based mostly upon the goal of the building it protects, the available roof materials and the local traditions of development and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof might provide additional liveable space, for example a roofing garden.The elements in the design of a roof structure are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of an roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roofer), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In lots of parts of the world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and lumber shingles and shakes.
The construction of a roof is determined by its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof top is pitched. The pitch is the position of which the roof goes up from its minimum to highest point. Most US domestic architecture, except in very dried parts, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern construction elements such as drainpipes might remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of custom and aesthetics. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In locations where there is little rainwater, an almost level roof with hook run-off provides sufficient protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also remove the dependence on a sloping rooftop.
Somebody who specializes in rooftop construction is named a roofer.The durability of an roof top is a matter of matter because the roofing is often the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its harm or destruction can have serious results.
Because the reason for a roof covering is to protect people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of the roofing are a factor in its framework and the choice of roofing materials.Some roofing materials, those of natural fibrous material particularly, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is installed under the outside part often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against warmth and cold, noise, dirt and often from the lice and droppings of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed departing a space between the tiles and the roof top surface, it can reduce warming caused by the sun.Types of insulation are vinyl or noticed sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed immediately below the tiles or other materials; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming progressively more popular, and sometimes are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roof can suffer from problems including the formation of glaciers dams throughout the overhanging eaves in winter, causing drinking water from melted snow on upper parts of the rooftop to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams take place when heating escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those true points melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This may bring about structural destruction from stress, including the damage of gutter and drainage systems.
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