A rooftop is part of the building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which provides protection from pets or animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of your roof are dependent upon the goal of the building which it includes, the available roof covering materials and the neighborhood traditions of building and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of the garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roofing might provide additional living space, for example a roof garden.The elements in the design of a roof are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of the roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering material for years and years, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and lumber shakes and shingles.
The construction of a roof is determined by its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roofing is pitched. The pitch is the position of which the roof rises from its lowest to highest point. Most US local architecture, except in very dried up parts, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern engineering elements such as drainpipes might take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of custom and looks. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In areas where there is little rainfall, an almost level roof with hook run-off provides sufficient protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes remove the need for a sloping rooftop also.
A person that specializes in roof structure construction is named a roofer.The durability of an roof covering is a matter of concern because the roof is often the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its devastation or damage can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a roof is to safeguard people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a roof covering are a consideration in its framework and the decision of roofing material.Some roof materials, particularly those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is installed under the external layer often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against warmth and cold, noises, dirt and often from the droppings and lice of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed giving a space between your tiles and the roof covering surface, it can reduce heating up caused by the sun.Types of insulation are sensed or clear plastic sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed straight below the tiles or other materials; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become popular ever more, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roof covering can have problems with problems including the formation of snow dams round the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing water from melted snow on higher parts of the roof structure to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams arise when high temperature escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those factors melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This may bring about structural destruction from stress, including the devastation of gutter and drainage systems.
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