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A roof top is part of a building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which provides protection from family pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of the roof are dependent upon the goal of the building that this addresses, the available roofing materials and the local traditions of development and wider principles of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain. A verandah might be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of an garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof covering may also provide additional living space, for example a roof structure garden.The elements in the look of a roofing are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated cup, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many parts of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and hardwood shingles and shakes.The construction of a roof is determined by its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof top is pitched. The pitch is the perspective at which the roof rises from its most affordable to highest point. Most US home architecture, except in very dried out parts, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern engineering elements such as drainpipes may take away the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of tradition and looks. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and partially regarding practicalities.Some types of roof, for example thatch, need a steep pitch to become waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In areas where there is little rainfall, an almost flat roof with hook run-off provides adequate protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also take away the need for a sloping roof.Somebody who specializes in roof construction is named a roofer.The durability of an roofing is a matter of matter because the roof top is often the least accessible part of any building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its devastation or destruction can have serious results.Because the purpose of a roof structure is to safeguard people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of your roof are a consideration in its composition and the decision of roofing materials.Some roofing materials, especially those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is installed under the outside layer often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against warmth and cold, noises, dirt and grime and often from the lice and droppings of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed going out of a space between your tiles and the roof structure surface, it can reduce home heating caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are felt or clear plastic sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed immediately below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become increasingly popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.Poorly insulated and ventilated roof can suffer from problems including the formation of snow dams across the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing drinking water from melted snow on top parts of the roof structure to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams appear when warmth escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those things melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the lower points. This can lead to structural damage from stress, like the damage of drainage and gutter systems.

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