A roof top is part of a building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which gives protection from pets or animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The term denotes the framing or framework which supports that covering also.[1]The characteristics of a roof are reliant upon the goal of the building that it includes, the available roof covering materials and the neighborhood traditions of building and wider principles of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects mostly against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof top may also provide additional liveable space, for example a rooftop garden.The elements in the design of a roof top are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In lots of parts of the entire world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and real wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of an roof depends upon its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof is pitched. The pitch is the perspective at which the roof rises from its minimum to highest point. Most US domestic structures, except in very dry parts, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern construction elements such as drainpipes might take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of appearance and tradition. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In parts where there is little rainfall, an almost even roof with hook run-off provides satisfactory protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also remove the need for a sloping roofing.
Somebody who specializes in roof structure construction is called a roofer.The durability of a rooftop is a subject of matter because the roof structure is often the least accessible part of any building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or damage can have serious results.
Because the reason for a roof top is to safeguard people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any roofing are a factor in its composition and the choice of roofing material.Some roof covering materials, those of natural fibrous material specifically, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the outside covering. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against heat and cold, sound, dirt and frequently from the droppings and lice of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed giving a space between the tiles and the roof surface, it can reduce heating caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are plastic material or felt sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other material straight; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming increasingly popular, and occasionally are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roof covering can have problems with problems like the formation of glaciers dams across the overhanging eaves in winter, causing drinking water from melted snow on top elements of the roof covering to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams arise when temperature escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those things melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This can lead to structural harm from stress, like the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.
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