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A roofing is part of an building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which provides protection from pets and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The term denotes the framing or structure which helps that covering also.[1]The characteristics of your roof are based mostly upon the goal of the building so it includes, the available roof materials and the neighborhood traditions of engineering and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof top may provide additional liveable space, for example a roof garden.The elements in the look of a roof are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated cup, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many parts of the globe ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofer materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and lumber shakes and shingles.The construction of the roof is determined by its approach to support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roofing is pitched. The pitch is the viewpoint at which the roof rises from its least expensive to highest point. Most US domestic structures, except in very dried parts, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern building elements such as drainpipes may remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of appearance and custom. So the pitch is dependent after stylistic factors partly, and partially regarding practicalities.Some types of roof, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In parts where there is little rain, an almost level roof with a slight run-off provides sufficient protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes remove the dependence on a sloping roof top also.A person that specializes in roof covering construction is named a roofer.The durability of your roofing is a matter of matter because the roof is often the least accessible part of your building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its devastation or destruction can have serious results.Because the purpose of a roof covering is to safeguard people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of your roof top are a consideration in its structure and the decision of roofing materials.Some roof covering materials, those of natural fibrous material particularly, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is installed under the exterior coating often. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against warmth and cold, sound, dirt and often from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed giving a space between the tiles and the rooftop surface, it can reduce heating up caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are plastic or sensed sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed directly below the tiles or other materials; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming significantly popular, and in some cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.Poorly protected and ventilated roof covering can suffer from problems including the formation of ice dams throughout the overhanging eaves in winter, causing water from melted snow on top elements of the roof covering to permeate the roofing material. Ice dams take place when heating escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those points melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the lower points. This may lead to structural damage from stress, including the devastation of gutter and drainage systems.

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