A rooftop is part of the building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which provides protection from animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The term denotes the framing or framework which supports that covering also.[1]The characteristics of an roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building which it addresses, the available roofer materials and the local traditions of building and wider principles of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof structure may also provide additional living space, for example a roof garden.The elements in the design of a roof are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In lots of parts of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing material for years and years, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and solid wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of an roof is determined by its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and set up roof top is pitched. The pitch is the position of which the roof increases from its least expensive to highest point. Most US domestic architecture, except in very dry areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern building elements such as drainpipes may remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of appearance and custom. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, and partially regarding practicalities.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In locations where there is little rainwater, an almost flat roof with a slight run-off provides adequate protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also remove the need for a sloping roof covering.
A person that specializes in roof covering construction is named a roofer.The durability of any roof structure is a subject of concern because the roof structure is often the least accessible part of the building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or damage can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a roofing is to safeguard people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of the roof are a consideration in its composition and the decision of roofing material.Some roof covering materials, particularly those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is installed under the external part often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against heat and cold, sound, dirt and often from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed giving a space between your tiles and the rooftop surface, it can reduce heating system caused by the sun.Types of insulation are vinyl or thought sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed below the tiles or other materials directly; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become popular progressively, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roof can have problems with problems including the formation of glaciers dams about the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing normal water from melted snow on upper parts of the rooftop to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams occur when warmth escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true items melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This may lead to structural harm from stress, including the devastation of gutter and drainage systems.
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