A rooftop is part of an building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which gives protection from family pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The term denotes the framing or structure which helps that covering also.[1]The characteristics of any roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building that this includes, the available roofer materials and the neighborhood traditions of building and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah might be roofed with materials that protects against natural light but admits the other elements. The roof of an garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof structure might provide additional liveable space, for example a roofing garden.The elements in the design of a roof structure are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roofer), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and solid wood shakes and shingles.
The construction of an roof depends upon its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof covering is pitched. The pitch is the angle of which the roof goes up from its minimum to highest point. Most US domestic structures, except in very dried parts, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes may take away the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of custom and appearance. So the pitch is dependent upon stylistic factors partly, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In parts where there is little rainwater, an almost smooth roof with a slight run-off provides adequate protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also take away the need for a sloping roof covering.
A person that specializes in roof top construction is named a roofer.The durability of a rooftop is a matter of concern because the roof top is usually the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its harm or destruction can have serious effects.
Because the purpose of a roof top is to safeguard people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any roof covering are a factor in its structure and the choice of roofing material.Some roof covering materials, those of natural fibrous material specifically, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the outer coating. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against heat and cold, noises, dirt and frequently from the droppings and lice of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed going out of a space between your tiles and the roof top surface, it can reduce heat caused by the sun.Types of insulation are clear plastic or sensed sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed directly below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become increasingly popular, and in some cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roof can suffer from problems including the formation of snow dams round the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing water from melted snow on top elements of the roofing to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams occur when warmth escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those true things melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This can lead to structural destruction from stress, like the destruction of gutter and drainage systems.
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