A roof top is part of a building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of your building or shelter which gives protection from pets or animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of any roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building it protects, the available roofer materials and the local traditions of development and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah might be roofed with material that shields against sunshine but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA rooftop might provide additional liveable space, for example a roofing garden.The elements in the design of a roof are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated wine glass, copper (see: copper roofer), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In lots of parts of the planet ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and lumber shingles and shakes.
The construction of an roof is determined by its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and set up rooftop is pitched. The pitch is the viewpoint at which the roof goes up from its lowest to highest point. Most US home structures, except in very dried up locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes might take away the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of aesthetics and tradition. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In areas where there is little rain, an almost even roof with hook run-off provides sufficient protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes remove the need for a sloping rooftop also.
A person that specializes in roof covering construction is called a roofer.The durability of an roof covering is a matter of concern because the roof structure is often the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its harm or destruction can have serious effects.
Because the purpose of a roof structure is to safeguard people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of an roof covering are a thought in its framework and the decision of roofing material.Some roofer materials, especially those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the external coating. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a roof is to insulate against warmth and cold, noises, dirt and grime and often from the droppings and lice of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed leaving a space between the tiles and the roof covering surface, it can reduce heating up caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are experienced or plastic sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed below the tiles or other material directly; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become more and more popular, and in some instances are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly insulated and ventilated roofer can have problems with problems including the formation of ice dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing normal water from melted snow on higher parts of the roofing to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams take place when high temperature escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those tips melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This can bring about structural destruction from stress, including the devastation of gutter and drainage systems.
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