A rooftop is part of an building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which gives protection from pets or animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but heat also, sunlight and wind. The term denotes the framing or framework which supports that covering also.[1]The characteristics of the roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building which it addresses, the available roof covering materials and the local traditions of development and wider principles of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of an garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roofing could also provide additional living space, for example a roof covering garden.The elements in the design of a roofing are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of an roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated cup, copper (see: copper roofer), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many parts of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofer materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of any roof is determined by its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof covering is pitched. The pitch is the position at which the roof increases from its least expensive to highest point. Most US home structures, except in very dried up locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern construction elements such as drainpipes may take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and appearance. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, also to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In locations where there is little rain, an almost smooth roof with a slight run-off provides enough protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes take away the need for a sloping rooftop also.
Somebody who specializes in roof structure construction is called a roofer.The durability of the roof top is a subject of concern because the roof structure is usually the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its devastation or harm can have serious results.
Because the reason for a roof structure is to safeguard people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any rooftop are a awareness in its composition and the decision of roofing material.Some roof covering materials, those of natural fibrous materials especially, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the outer level. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against heat and cold, noise, dirt and frequently from the droppings and lice of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed going out of a space between the tiles and the roof surface, it can reduce heat caused by the sun.Forms of insulation are clear plastic or believed sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed directly below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become ever more popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roof can suffer from problems like the formation of snow dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing water from melted snow on top elements of the roof to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams arise when temperature escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those true factors melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This can lead to structural destruction from stress, including the devastation of drainage and gutter systems.
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construction plan for a 40 ft. wide roof truss for a building with
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