A roof is part of an building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which provides protection from family pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of the roof are dependent upon the goal of the building that this protects, the available roof covering materials and the local traditions of engineering and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA rooftop might provide additional living space, for example a roof structure garden.The elements in the design of a roof covering are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of the roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated cup, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof materials for years and years, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and solid wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of the roof is determined by its approach to support and the way the underneath space is bridged and set up roof is pitched. The pitch is the perspective at which the roof rises from its minimum to highest point. Most US local structures, except in very dried out parts, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes may remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of aesthetics and custom. So the pitch is dependent after stylistic factors partly, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roof, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In locations where there is little rainwater, an almost flat roof with hook run-off provides adequate protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes also take away the need for a sloping roof.
A person that specializes in roof top construction is called a roofer.The durability of any roof structure is a subject of concern because the roof covering is usually the least accessible part of the building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or devastation can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a roof is to safeguard people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any roof covering are a awareness in its structure and the choice of roofing material.Some roofer materials, those of natural fibrous materials especially, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is installed under the exterior level often. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against heating and cold, sound, mud and often from the droppings and lice of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed going out of a space between the tiles and the rooftop surface, it can reduce heating caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are experienced or clear plastic sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other material immediately; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming popular more and more, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roofing can suffer from problems including the formation of glaciers dams across the overhanging eaves in winter, causing normal water from melted snow on higher parts of the rooftop to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams arise when high temperature escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those points melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the lower points. This can bring about structural harm from stress, including the destruction of gutter and drainage systems.
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