A rooftop is part of the building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which provides protection from pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, sunlight and wind. The term denotes the framing or composition which helps that covering also.[1]The characteristics of any roof are reliant upon the purpose of the building that it protects, the available roofer materials and the neighborhood traditions of construction and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects mostly against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of an garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roofing could also provide additional liveable space, for example a rooftop garden.The elements in the look of a roof are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated goblet, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the globe ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofer materials for years and years, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and hardwood shakes and shingles.
The construction of the roof is determined by its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and set up roof structure is pitched. The pitch is the angle of which the roof rises from its minimum to highest point. Most US domestic structures, except in very dried up areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern building elements such as drainpipes might take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of tradition and aesthetics. So the pitch is dependent after stylistic factors partly, and partially regarding practicalities.
Some types of roof, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In areas where there is little rain, an almost toned roof with a slight run-off provides adequate protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes also remove the dependence on a sloping roofing.
Somebody who specializes in rooftop construction is named a roofer.The durability of a roof covering is a subject of concern because the rooftop is usually the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or destruction can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a roof top is to protect people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of an roof are a consideration in its composition and the choice of roofing materials.Some roofer materials, those of natural fibrous material particularly, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the exterior part. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a roof is to insulate against heat and cold, noise, dirt and frequently from the droppings and lice of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed leaving a space between the tiles and the roof covering surface, it can reduce heating system caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are thought or clear plastic sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed straight below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming progressively popular, and in some cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roofer can have problems with problems including the formation of ice dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing drinking water from melted snow on top parts of the roof structure to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams arise when high temperature escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those points melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the lower points. This can cause structural damage from stress, like the destruction of gutter and drainage systems.
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