A roof structure is part of any building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which gives protection from pets or animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, sunlight and wind. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of the roof are centered upon the purpose of the building so it addresses, the available roof materials and the neighborhood traditions of construction and wider principles of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah might be roofed with materials that helps to protect against natural light but admits the other elements. The roof of an garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof top may also provide additional living space, for example a roof structure garden.The elements in the look of a rooftop are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated cup, copper (see: copper roofer), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering materials for years and years, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and hardwood shakes and shingles.
The construction of a roof depends upon its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof top is pitched. The pitch is the position of which the roof goes up from its least expensive to highest point. Most US domestic structures, except in very dried areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern development elements such as drainpipes might take away the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of custom and looks. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In regions where there is little rainwater, an almost smooth roof with a slight run-off provides enough protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes remove the dependence on a sloping roof covering also.
A person that specializes in roof structure construction is called a roofer.The durability of the rooftop is a matter of concern because the roof is usually the least accessible part of your building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or damage can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a roofing is to protect people and their property from climatic elements, the insulating properties of the rooftop are a factor in its structure and the choice of roofing materials.Some roofer materials, those of natural fibrous material especially, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is installed under the outer part often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against temperature and cold, noise, dirt and frequently from the lice and droppings of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed going out of a space between your tiles and the roof covering surface, it can reduce heat caused by the sun.Types of insulation are vinyl or sensed sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed directly below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become significantly popular, and sometimes are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roofing can suffer from problems such as the formation of ice dams around the overhanging eaves in winter, causing drinking water from melted snow on top parts of the roof top to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams occur when heating escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those true tips melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This can cause structural harm from stress, including the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.
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