A roofing is part of a building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which provides protection from pets or animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The word denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering also.[1]The characteristics of a roof are dependent upon the goal of the building which it includes, the available roof covering materials and the local traditions of building and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain. A verandah might be roofed with material that shields against sunshine but admits the other elements. The roof of an garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof top might provide additional living space, for example a roofing garden.The elements in the design of a roofing are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many parts of the globe ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofer materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of the roof depends upon its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and set up roofing is pitched. The pitch is the viewpoint at which the roof increases from its minimum to highest point. Most US local structures, except in very dried locations, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern construction elements such as drainpipes may remove the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of appearance and tradition. So the pitch is partly dependent after stylistic factors, and partially regarding practicalities.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In regions where there is little rainwater, an almost toned roof with hook run-off provides adequate protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes take away the dependence on a sloping roof structure also.
A person that specializes in rooftop construction is named a roofer.The durability of an roof is a subject of concern because the roof top is usually the least accessible part of the building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or damage can have serious effects.
Because the purpose of a rooftop is to protect people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of your roof are a consideration in its structure and the choice of roofing material.Some roofing materials, those of natural fibrous materials particularly, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is installed under the outside coating often. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against temperature and cold, noise, dirt and often from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed giving a space between the tiles and the roofing surface, it can reduce heating system caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are sensed or plastic material sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed directly below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become progressively popular, and in some cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roofing can have problems with problems including the formation of snow dams round the overhanging eaves in winter, causing drinking water from melted snow on upper parts of the roof top to penetrate the roofing materials. Ice dams happen when heat escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those details melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This can lead to structural damage from stress, including the destruction of gutter and drainage systems.
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