A roof is part of an building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which gives protection from animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, sunlight and wind. The term also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of your roof are centered upon the purpose of the building which it includes, the available roof covering materials and the local traditions of structure and wider principles of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of the garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roofing may provide additional living space, for example a roof garden.The elements in the design of a roofing are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of your roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated a glass, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing materials for years and years, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and hardwood shingles and shakes.
The construction of an roof is determined by its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof structure is pitched. The pitch is the position at which the roof goes up from its least expensive to highest point. Most US domestic architecture, except in very dry out regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern construction elements such as drainpipes may take away the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of appearance and traditions. So the pitch is dependent after stylistic factors partly, and to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roofer, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be durable and waterproof. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In parts where there is little rain, an almost even roof with hook run-off provides enough protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes remove the need for a sloping roof top also.
A person that specializes in roof construction is called a roofer.The durability of any roof covering is a subject of matter because the roofing is usually the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its harm or devastation can have serious results.
Because the reason for a rooftop is to protect people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a roof covering are a account in its structure and the decision of roofing material.Some roof materials, especially those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is installed under the exterior part often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against heat and cold, noise, mud and frequently from the lice and droppings of birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed giving a space between the tiles and the roof covering surface, it can reduce heating caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are plastic material or felt sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed immediately below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become popular increasingly, and in some cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roofing can have problems with problems including the formation of ice dams around the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing drinking water from melted snow on upper elements of the roof to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams happen when heating escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those factors melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This can result in structural destruction from stress, like the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.
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