A roof is part of the building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of an building or shelter which gives protection from animals and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of an roof are centered upon the purpose of the building it protects, the available roofer materials and the local traditions of building and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of an garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roofing may also provide additional liveable space, for example a roof top garden.The elements in the design of a roof are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of your roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated glass, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many elements of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and real wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of an roof depends upon its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and set up rooftop is pitched. The pitch is the viewpoint at which the roof goes up from its minimum to highest point. Most US local architecture, except in very dry regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes may take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of tradition and looks. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, also to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roof, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In locations where there is little rain, an almost level roof with a slight run-off provides sufficient protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes take away the need for a sloping roof covering also.
A person that specializes in roof top construction is named a roofer.The durability of a roof top is a matter of concern because the rooftop is often the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or damage can have serious results.
Because the reason for a roof covering is to safeguard people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of the roofing are a factor in its structure and the decision of roofing materials.Some roof materials, specifically those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is often installed under the exterior level. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against high temperature and cold, noise, dirt and grime and often from the droppings and lice of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed giving a space between the tiles and the roofing surface, it can reduce warming caused by sunlight.Forms of insulation are plastic material or thought sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed directly below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become more and more popular, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roofer can suffer from problems including the formation of ice dams round the overhanging eaves in winter, causing normal water from melted snow on higher parts of the roof structure to permeate the roofing material. Ice dams arise when high temperature escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those points melts, refreezing as it drips across the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the low points. This may lead to structural damage from stress, like the damage of drainage and gutter systems.
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