A roof is part of any building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which gives protection from family pets and weather, rain or snow notably, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The word denotes the framing or framework which helps that covering also.[1]The characteristics of a roof are centered upon the goal of the building which it covers, the available roof covering materials and the neighborhood traditions of engineering and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof top may provide additional liveable space, for example a roof top garden.The elements in the design of a roof top are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of your roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated glass, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the entire world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing material for years and years, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and solid wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of an roof is determined by its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and set up rooftop is pitched. The pitch is the viewpoint of which the roof increases from its lowest to highest point. Most US domestic architecture, except in very dried regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern construction elements such as drainpipes might take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of traditions and appearance. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, also to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roof, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become waterproof and durable. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In areas where there is little rainfall, an almost even roof with hook run-off provides enough protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes also remove the dependence on a sloping roof covering.
Somebody who specializes in rooftop construction is named a roofer.The durability of any roof is a subject of concern because the roof top is usually the least accessible part of an building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or damage can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a rooftop is to safeguard people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of the roof covering are a account in its composition and the decision of roofing material.Some roofing materials, those of natural fibrous materials especially, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is installed under the external level often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a roof is to insulate against heat and cold, noises, dirt and grime and frequently from the lice and droppings of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed giving a space between your tiles and the roof covering surface, it can reduce warming caused by sunlight.Forms of insulation are clear plastic or felt sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed below the tiles or other material immediately; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become popular progressively, and occasionally are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roof can have problems with problems such as the formation of snow dams around the overhanging eaves in winter, causing water from melted snow on higher parts of the roofing to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams appear when heat escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those items melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the lower points. This can result in structural destruction from stress, including the destruction of gutter and drainage systems.
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