A rooftop is part of the building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which provides protection from pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The word denotes the framing or framework which facilitates that covering also.[1]The characteristics of a roof are centered upon the goal of the building that it protects, the available roof covering materials and the neighborhood traditions of development and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or countrywide legislation. In most countries a roof protects primarily against rain. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of the garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA rooftop may also provide additional liveable space, for example a roof garden.The elements in the look of a roof structure are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of the roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated glass, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many parts of the earth ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon fabric, TPO, and wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of any roof depends upon its approach to support and the way the underneath space is bridged and set up rooftop is pitched. The pitch is the angle of which the roof increases from its minimum to highest point. Most US local architecture, except in very dry out parts, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern building elements such as drainpipes might remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of aesthetics and traditions. So the pitch is dependent upon stylistic factors partly, and partially to do with practicalities.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In parts where there is little rain, an almost toned roof with hook run-off provides enough protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes remove the need for a sloping roof structure also.
A person that specializes in roof structure construction is called a roofer.The durability of any rooftop is a matter of matter because the rooftop is usually the least accessible part of the building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its harm or devastation can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a roof is to safeguard people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of any rooftop are a awareness in its composition and the decision of roofing materials.Some roofing materials, especially those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is installed under the outer coating often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against heat and cold, noise, mud and frequently from the droppings and lice of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be used as insulation. When installed leaving a space between the tiles and the roof surface, it can reduce warming caused by the sun.Types of insulation are plastic or experienced sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other materials immediately; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become popular ever more, and occasionally are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roofer can have problems with problems such as the formation of glaciers dams around the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing normal water from melted snow on upper elements of the roof covering to permeate the roofing materials. Ice dams appear when warmth escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those true tips melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This may cause structural harm from stress, like the destruction of gutter and drainage systems.
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