A roof structure is part of an building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of any building or shelter which gives protection from pets and weather, rain or snow notably, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The word also denotes the framing or structure which supports that covering.[1]The characteristics of any roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building it includes, the available roof materials and the neighborhood traditions of development and wider ideas of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah might be roofed with materials that shields against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roofing may also provide additional living space, for example a roof top garden.The elements in the look of a roof top are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of any roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated wine glass, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In many parts of the world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roof covering materials for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM rubber, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and hardwood shingles and shakes.
The construction of the roof is determined by its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roof top is pitched. The pitch is the angle at which the roof increases from its most affordable to highest point. Most US domestic structures, except in very dried regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern engineering elements such as drainpipes might remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of appearance and custom. So the pitch is dependent after stylistic factors partly, and to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roof, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become waterproof and durable. Other types of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In areas where there is little rainwater, an almost toned roof with a slight run-off provides satisfactory protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes remove the dependence on a sloping rooftop also.
Somebody who specializes in roof top construction is called a roofer.The durability of the roof top is a subject of concern because the roof structure is usually the least accessible part of your building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or devastation can have serious effects.
Because the reason for a roof top is to safeguard people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of an roof covering are a thought in its structure and the decision of roofing materials.Some roof covering materials, those of natural fibrous material particularly, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is installed under the outside level often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against temperature and cold, noise, dirt and often from the droppings and lice of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed departing a space between the tiles and the roof top surface, it can reduce warming caused by the sun.Types of insulation are noticed or plastic material sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed below the tiles or other materials directly; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming popular increasingly, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly covered and ventilated roofer can suffer from problems including the formation of glaciers dams surrounding the overhanging eaves in cold weather, causing drinking water from melted snow on top elements of the roof to penetrate the roofing material. Ice dams happen when heat escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those points melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the low points. This can result in structural destruction from stress, including the devastation of drainage and gutter systems.
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