A roof is part of an building envelope. It's the covering on the uppermost part of an building or shelter which gives protection from pets or animals and weather, rain or snow notably, but heat also, sunlight and wind. The term denotes the framing or composition which facilitates that covering also.[1]The characteristics of a roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building that this covers, the available roofer materials and the neighborhood traditions of building and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and may also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah might be roofed with material that helps to protect against sunshine but admits the other elements. The roof of a garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof structure might provide additional living space, for example a roof garden.The elements in the design of a roof covering are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of a roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten seagrass or straw to laminated glass, copper (see: copper roof covering), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In many parts of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofer material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roofing materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM silicone, Hypalon, polyurethane foam, PVC, slate, Teflon cloth, TPO, and solid wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of the roof is determined by its method of support and the way the underneath space is bridged and set up roof is pitched. The pitch is the position at which the roof rises from its least expensive to highest point. Most US local structures, except in very dry regions, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern structure elements such as drainpipes might take away the need for pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of tradition and looks. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, and to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roofing, for example thatch, require a steep pitch in order to be waterproof and durable. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In areas where there is little rain, an almost smooth roof with a slight run-off provides sufficient protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes also take away the dependence on a sloping roof covering.
A person that specializes in rooftop construction is named a roofer.The durability of your roofing is a subject of matter because the roof is usually the least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its damage or destruction can have serious effects.
Because the purpose of a roof is to protect people and their possessions from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a roof are a consideration in its framework and the choice of roofing materials.Some roof covering materials, especially those of natural fibrous materials, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that not, extra insulation is installed under the outside level often. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against high temperature and cold, noise, dirt and frequently from the lice and droppings of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be used as insulation. When installed giving a space between the tiles and the roof covering surface, it can reduce heating up caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are felt or cheap sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed immediately below the tiles or other materials; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become popular ever more, and in some full cases are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roof covering can have problems with problems including the formation of snow dams throughout the overhanging eaves in winter, causing water from melted snow on higher parts of the roof top to permeate the roofing material. Ice dams arise when temperature escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those factors melts, refreezing as it drips over the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the lower points. This can cause structural damage from stress, like the devastation of drainage and gutter systems.
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