A roof is part of the building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of the building or shelter which provides protection from family pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but also heat, wind and sunlight. The term denotes the framing or composition which facilitates that covering also.[1]The characteristics of any roof are dependent upon the purpose of the building which it includes, the available roof covering materials and the local traditions of development and wider concepts of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or nationwide legislation. In most countries a roof protects generally against rain. A verandah might be roofed with materials that protects against sun light but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack manufactured from date hand branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA roof top may provide additional liveable space, for example a roof covering garden.The elements in the design of a roof covering are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of the roof may range between banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated glass, copper (see: copper roof), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast concrete. In lots of parts of the global world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing material for centuries, if not millennia. Other roof materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and real wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of the roof is determined by its method of support and how the underneath space is bridged and set up roof covering is pitched. The pitch is the position of which the roof increases from its least expensive to highest point. Most US domestic structures, except in very dry out parts, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern development elements such as drainpipes may remove the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of custom and aesthetics. So the pitch is dependent upon stylistic factors partly, also to do with practicalities partially.
Some types of roof, for example thatch, require a steep pitch to become durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable over a steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a comparatively low angle. In regions where there is little rainwater, an almost chiseled roof with a slight run-off provides sufficient protection against an intermittent downpour. Drainpipes also take away the dependence on a sloping roof covering.
Somebody who specializes in roof top construction is called a roofer.The durability of an roof top is a subject of concern because the roofing is often the least accessible part of any building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its harm or devastation can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a roofing is to protect people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of a roof covering are a consideration in its structure and the decision of roofing material.Some roofing materials, those of natural fibrous material especially, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For all those that not, extra insulation is installed under the exterior layer often. In developed countries, the majority of dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The goal of a ceiling is to insulate against heating and cold, noise, dirt and grime and frequently from the lice and droppings of wild birds who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Concrete tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed going out of a space between the tiles and the roofing surface, it can reduce warming caused by sunlight.Types of insulation are felt or plastic material sheeting, with a reflective surface sometimes, installed below the tiles or other materials directly; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that may be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs are becoming progressively more popular, and occasionally are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are thought as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roofing can suffer from problems such as the formation of ice dams round the overhanging eaves in winter, causing water from melted snow on upper parts of the roof to permeate the roofing material. Ice dams occur when warmth escapes through the uppermost part of the roof, and the snow at those things melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting in the form of ice at the lower points. This may lead to structural destruction from stress, like the destruction of drainage and gutter systems.
Roof Framing Geometry: Rafter Tools+ for iPhone Hip Rafter Layout
the hip rafter layout diagram below for the layout process
31 equal pitch roof figure 6 32 addition roof framing
Gable Roof Framing Technique
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