A roof structure is part of an building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of an building or shelter which gives protection from family pets and weather, notably rain or snow, but heat also, wind and sunlight. The term denotes the framing or composition which facilitates that covering also.[1]The characteristics of the roof are reliant upon the purpose of the building that it includes, the available roofer materials and the local traditions of development and wider principles of architectural design and practice and could also be governed by local or national legislation. In most countries a roof protects against rain primarily. A verandah may be roofed with material that protects against sunlight but admits the other elements. The roof of any garden conservatory protects plants from cold, wind, and rain, but admits light.
Shack made of date palm branches at Neot Semadar, IsraelA rooftop might provide additional liveable space, for example a roof structure garden.The elements in the design of a roof covering are:the materialthe constructionthe durabilityThe material of the roof may range from banana leaves, wheaten straw or seagrass to laminated wine glass, copper (see: copper roofing), aluminium sheeting and pre-cast cement. In lots of parts of the world ceramic tiles have been the predominant roofing materials for years and years, if not millennia. Other roof covering materials include asphalt, coal tar pitch, EPDM plastic, Hypalon, reboundable foam, PVC, slate, Teflon textile, TPO, and solid wood shingles and shakes.
The construction of an roof depends upon its approach to support and how the underneath space is bridged and whether or not the roofing is pitched. The pitch is the position at which the roof rises from its lowest to highest point. Most US domestic architecture, except in very dried out areas, has roofs that are sloped, or pitched. Although modern engineering elements such as drainpipes might take away the dependence on pitch, roofs are pitched for reasons of looks and traditions. So the pitch is partly dependent upon stylistic factors, also to do with practicalities partly.
Some types of roof covering, for example thatch, need a steep pitch in order to be durable and waterproof. Other styles of roofing, for example pantiles, are unstable on the steeply pitched roof but provide excellent weather protection at a relatively low angle. In parts where there is little rain, an almost flat roof with hook run-off provides satisfactory protection against an occasional downpour. Drainpipes remove the need for a sloping rooftop also.
Somebody who specializes in rooftop construction is named a roofer.The durability of a roof top is a subject of concern because the roof is usually the least accessible part of the building for purposes of repair and renewal, while its destruction or harm can have serious results.
Because the purpose of a roof is to protect people and their belongings from climatic elements, the insulating properties of the rooftop are a awareness in its composition and the choice of roofing material.Some roofing materials, specifically those of natural fibrous material, such as thatch, have excellent insulating properties. For those that do not, extra insulation is often installed under the external part. In developed countries, nearly all dwellings have a ceiling installed under the structural members of the roof. The purpose of a ceiling is to insulate against warmth and cold, noise, dirt and grime and often from the lice and droppings of parrots who frequently choose roofs as nesting places.
Cement tiles can be utilized as insulation. When installed departing a space between the tiles and the roof structure surface, it can reduce warming caused by sunlight.Forms of insulation are plastic material or believed sheeting, sometimes with a reflective surface, installed straight below the tiles or other material; synthetic foam batting laid above the ceiling and recycled paper products and other such materials that can be inserted or sprayed into roof cavities. So called Cool roofs have become increasingly popular, and in some instances are mandated by local codes. Cool roofs are defined as roofs with both high reflectivity and high thermal emittance.
Poorly protected and ventilated roof covering can suffer from problems like the formation of snow dams around the overhanging eaves in winter, causing drinking water from melted snow on higher parts of the roof top to permeate the roofing material. Ice dams occur when temperature escapes through the uppermost area of the roof, and the snow at those true points melts, refreezing as it drips along the shingles, and collecting by means of ice at the lower points. This may bring about structural destruction from stress, like the damage of drainage and gutter systems.
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